Direct extension to or invasion of adjacent organs is a sign of a more advanced cancer, and the chance of cure in the treatment of a cancer which has directly extended into an adjacent tissue is less, even with surgery, as hidden cancer cells may also have spread elsewhere. The process whereby colon cancer spreads to distant organs is called metastasis, and the new tumors are called metastases. Cancer cells also can break away and spread to other parts of the body (such as the liver and lung) where new tumors grow. The lifetime risk for an adult American to develop colorectal cancer is 4.4%.Ĭancer of the colon and rectum can invade and damage adjacent tissues and organs. It is the second most common cancer in women and the third most common cancer in men.
It is the second most common cause of death due to cancer in the U.S. In fact, most of the cancers of the large intestine are believed to have evolved from benign polyps that are precancerous, that is, they are benign at first but later become cancerous.Ĭolorectal cancer is found in nearly 135,000 people each year and results in about 50,000 deaths in the U.S. However, if benign polyps are not removed from the large intestine, they can become malignant (turn into cancer) over time. Benign polyps can be removed easily during colonoscopy and are not life-threatening. Benign polyps do not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body like malignant tumors do. Benign tumors of the colon are usually called polyps. These malignant tumors are called cancers and can invade nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body. The rectum is the last part of the bowel adjacent to the anus through which stool passes to the outside.Ĭancer of the colon and rectum ( colorectal cancer) is a type of malignant tumor arising from the inner wall of the large intestine. It removes water from the undigested food, stores it and then finally eliminates it from the body as stool or feces through bowel movements.
The colon is a long, muscular tube that receives still-undigested food from the small intestine. The colon, also known as the large intestine or large bowel, constitutes the last part of the digestive tract.
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